The Development of Rail-Based Mass Rapid Transit System Background

• The estimation of total traffic jams in Jakarta: The growth of roads in Jakarta currently is less than 1 percent per year and everyday at least more 1000 new automobiles took the Jakarta streets (DKI Jakarta Transportation Agency Data). The study conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on 2004 stated that if there are no improvement on the transportation systems in Jakarta, it is estimated that the Jakarta’s traffic will be in total jammed in 2020 (Study on Integrated Transportation Master Plan, SITRAMP II.

• Economic Losses due to traffic jams in Jakarta based on the research result conducted by Yayasan Pelangi on 2005 was estimated to be Rp12.8 trillion/year which includes the value of time, fuel costs, and health costs. While based on 2004 SITRAMP II showed that if until 2020 there are no improvements made on the transportation systems then the estimated economic losses will reach Rp65 trillion/year.

• Air Pollutions caused by automobiles contribute 80 percent of pollution in Jakarta. MRT Jakarta itself is powered by electricity therefore it does not produce CO2 emissions to the city.

Based on these studies, it is obvious that DKI Jakarta desperately need a more reliable mass transportation such as MRT that can be an alternative transportation solution for the communities and also environmentally f riendly.

Constructing the MRT network system is not merely economic and financial feasibility affairs, but more than that, constructing MRT reflects the vision of a city. The city’s life and economic activities depend on how easily the citizen travels/mobility and how often they can perform it to various destinations in the city. The main purpose in constructing the MRT system is to give the opportunity to the citizen to increase their travelling/mobility quality and quantity to be more reliable, trustworthy, safe, comfortable, affordable and more economical.

The study on mass public transportation system in Jakarta:
- Jakarta Urban Transport Program (1986-1987)
- Integrated Transport System Improvement By Railway and Feeder Service  (1988-1989)
- Transport Network Planning and Regulation  (1989-1992)
- Jakarta Mass Transit System Study (1989-1992)


- 1995 MoU between the Governor of DKI Jakarta with the European-Indonesia-Japanese Consortium to study the Basic Design for the construction of Blok M-Kota          subway corridor
- 1999 - The Study on Revised Basic Design
- 2000 - "The Study on Transportation Master Plan for Jabotabek Phase-I" funded by JICA


- 2002 - The Study on Integrated Transportation Master Plan for Jabotabek Phase II
- 2002 - Jakarta Mass Transit System Development and Conceptual Design, Cost and Implementation for Underground System
- 2004 - DKI Jakarta Gubernatorial Decree No.84/2004 concerning the Macro Transportation Pattern (MTP)
- March 02, 2004- MoU between the Ministry of Transportation with DKI Jakarta Provincial Government concerning the MRT's development with priority on Lebak Bulus -   Kota corridor
- July, 2004 - The Ministry of Transportation issued a Study Implementation Program for Jakarta MRT System (Lebak Bulus-Dukuh Atas), on March 2005 it became             Revised Implementation Program (Revised IP)
- December 2005 - Several agreements between JBIC and Indonesia Government have been obtained


A study conducted on 2005 by the Special Assistance for Project Formation (SAPROF) team from JBIC to facilitate the establishment of consensus among stakeholders for this project in Indonesia

Since August, 2005 - MRT Sub-Committee has been formed under the Committee for the Acceleration of Infrastructure Provision Policy (KKPPI) to implement the necessary processed in establishing Mass Rapid Transit Company (MRTC)
 
Minutes of Discussion (MoD) has been signed on November 2005 and the Memorandum on Engineering Services has also been signed on October 18, 2006 between the Indonesian Government and JBIC as a foundation of the loan agreement

October 18, 2006 - Memorandum on Engineering Services between the Indonesian Government and JBIC

November 28, 2006 - Loan Agreement Phase 1 (L/A 1) with loans amounting to 1.869 Billion for the financing  of Engineering Services, based on the previously agreed terms in the Minutes of Discussion (MoD) and Memorandum on Engineering Services (MoES)

The Revision of Act No.13/1992 concerning Railroad system into Act No.23/2007, therefore the railway administration can now be done by the Regional Administration-Owned Enterprises (BUMD)

The study on SAPI (Special Assistance For Project Implementation) and SAPMAN (Special Assistance, for Procurement Management) conducted by JBIC to assist the Ministry of Transportation and DKI Jakarta Provincial Government (Pemprov)


June 17, 2008 - PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRT Jakarta) was established on June 17, 2008 with the approval of the DKI Jakarta Regional Representative Council (DPRD) through the Provincial Regulation No.3/2008 concerning the establishment of BUMD PT MRT Jakarta and Provincial Regulation No.4/2008 on Regional Investments in PT MRT Jakarta.

November 28, 2008 - Signing of the Minutes of Discussion (MoD 2008) as a foundation of signing the loan agreement for MRT construction phase
 
December 5, 2008 - Signing of the Aide Memoir between JICA and DKI Jakarta Provincial Government for the implementation of preparatory study for extension (Dukuh Atas - Kota - Kampung Bandan), which was followed up by JICA by sending a team to conduct feasibility study on Phase II of the South - North corridor, Dukuh Atas - Kota - Kampung Bandan, and pre-feasibility studies on East -West corridor

March 25, 2009 - Signing of the Grant Resumption Agreement Document (NPPH) 1 (between Indonesia Government and DKI Jakarta Provincial Government) who sustains the grant portion of Loan Agreement Phase 1 to DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the interest of creating Tender Assistance Consultant and Mana of gement Consultant.

March 31, 2009 - Loan Agreement Phase 2 (L/A 2) for construction phase loans worth 48.15 Billion as the second part of the MRT Project total loans (L/A 2).
 
July 24, 2009 - Signing of NPPH 2 which sustains the whole portions of Loan Agreement Phase 2 to DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the interest of MRT construction
 
November 23, 2009 - Basic Design Engineering began to be implemented by the Ministry of Transportation

July 8, 2010 - Miniutes of Discussion (MoD) between JICA and Indonesian Government (DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, Bappenas, Railways Directorate General of Ministry of Transportation). This MoD Discussed the extension of Phase I of MRT's South - North corridor route from Lebak Bulus  - Dukuh Atas, into Lebak Bulus - Bundaran HI. This extension was done by setting Bundaran HI station which was originally in Phase II of MRT's South - North corridor into Phase I. This modification was done to minimize the traffic impacts during construction and accommodate the necessary turn back facility for Phase I of MRT's South - North corridor.